RESUMO
Objective: To determine the association of learning and memory calcineurin binding [CABIN1] protein with autism spectrum disorders
Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study
Place and Duration of Study: The Autism Research and Treatment Center, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from October 2013 to May 2014
Methodology: Serum levels of CABIN1 protein in 62 [64%] autistic male children were analysed and 35 [36%] age healthy children measured by using ELISA. The diagnosis of autism was made, based on the criteria of autism as defined in the DSM-IV. CARS [childhood autism rating scale] was used for the assessment of autistic severity. Data was analysed on SPSS version 21. Mann-Whitney U-test was used for comparisons of CABIN1 protein levels between the autistic and control groups at a p-value of <0.05. Spearman's correlation coefficient [r] was used to determine the relationships between different variables
Results: There was no significant difference between the levels of CABIN1 between the 1.12 [0.01-8.8] pg/ml and healthy [1.51, 0.12-4.32] pg/ml in children. However, children with mild to moderate autism had higher CABIN1 protein level [1.27 pg/ml, 0.01-10.240] than children with severe autism [0.80 pg/ml, 0.01-4.25, p=0.145]. In addition, there was no significant relationships among the serum level of CABIN1 protein, the CARS score, and age
Conclusion: CABIN1 protein level for children with autism was not significantly different from controls subjects as well as between children with mild to moderate and severe autism
RESUMO
Objective: To investigate the cluster of differentiation 5 [CD5] plasma levels and their association with childhood autism rating scale [CARS] in subjects with autism spectrum disorder [ASD] compared to age and gender matched healthy controls, and to explore the link between CD5, severity, and autoimmunity in autism
Study Design: Case-control study
Place and Duration of Study: Autism Research and Treatment Center, Al-Amodi Autism Research Chair, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from October 2014 to May 2015
Methodology: CD5 levels were determined in the plasma of thirty-one [31] patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], categorized as mild-moderate and severe as indicated by their Childhood Autism Rating Scale [CARS] score and compared to thirty-three [33] age and gender-matched control samples
Results: The preliminary data indicated that children with severe autism [n=12], exhibited significantly [p=0.02] higher plasma level of CD5 [0.55 [0.14-12] pg/ml [median [interquartile range=IQR]]] than those of normal controls [n=33, 0.29 [0.08-0.79] pg/ml [median [IQR]]] and children with mild to moderate autism [n=19, 0.26 [0.13-1.42] pg/ml, [median [IQR]], p=0.08]. However, there was no significant difference between the CD5 levels of children with mild to moderate autism and normal controls [p = 0.62]. Diagnoses of autistic children based on the CARS score >30. Disease severity and the CARS score, which represent stereotyped patterns of behavior in children with autism, were positively correlated [r = 0.43, p = 0.02]
Conclusion: The high CD5 plasma levels in patients with severe ASD, probably indicated that CD5 might be implicated in the physiology of autism. However, this finding should be treated with caution until further investigations are performed with larger populations to determine whether the increase in plasma CD5 levels is a mere consequence of autism or it plays a pathogenic role in the disease
RESUMO
Objective: To investigate the secretagogin [SCGN] plasma levels in children with autism spectrum disorder [ASD] compared to age and gender-matched healthy control, and its association with cognitive and social behaviors by using childhood autism rating scale [CARS] and social responsiveness scale [SRS]
Study Design: Case-control study
Place and Duration of Study: Autism Research and Treatment Center, Al-Amodi Autism Research Chair, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from October 2015 to May 2016
Methodology: SCGN levels were determined in the plasma of thirty-seven [37] autistic children using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], categorized as mild-moderate and severe as indicated by their CARS scores and compared with thirty [30] age and gender-matched control samples. Correlation between SCGN levels and different cognitive and social behavior scales [CARS and SRS] was determined by Spearman's correlation coefficient [r]
Results: The results indicated that autistic children [n=37] had significantly [p= 0.005] lower plasma level of SCGN [45.7 [26.2] ng/ml [median [IQR]]] than those of healthy controls [n=30, 70.8 [48.6] ng/ml [median [IQR]]]. Children with severe [n=28, 76%] as well as mild to moderate autism [n=09, 24%] also exhibited significantly lower SCGN levels [47.5 [27] ng/ml [median [IQR]], p =0.014] and [45.7 [16.6] ng/ml [median [IQR]], p = 0.02]], respectively than healthy controls [n=30, 70.8 [48.6] ng/ml [median [IQR]]]. However, there was no significant difference between the SCGN levels of children with mild to moderate and severe autism [p = 0.66]. Spearman's correlation coefficient [r] was used to determine the relationships between SCGN levels and different variables [CARS, SRS]. However, the results showed no significant correlation between SCGN and these scales. [CARS, r=-0.03, p=0.86; SRS, r=0.21, p=0.20]
Conclusion: The low SCGN plasma levels in children with ASD probably indicate that SCGN might be implicated in the pathogenesis of autism. However, these data should be treated with caution until further investigations are performed using larger sample sizes to determine whether the decrease in plasma SCGN levels is a mere consequence of autism or it plays a pathogenic role in the disease